மீத்தேன் திட்டம் என்றால் என்ன(methane project)

மீத்தேன் திட்டம் என்றால் என்ன?


https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=-29NkiB53hk

தோழர்களே, நீங்கள் கட்டாயம் தெரிந்திருக்க வேண்டிய செய்தி. தயவுசெய்து படிங்கள். படிக்க நேரமில்லை என்றால் share மட்டுமாவது செய்யுங்கள். அக்கறை உள்ள தமிழன் தெரிந்து கொள்ளட்டும்.
2010 ஆம் ஆண்டு மன்மோகன்சிங் மீத்தேன் வாயு திட்டத்தை பற்றி முதன்முதலாக அறிவித்தார். அவர் கூறியதாவது, " இந்தியாவில் இயற்கை எரிவாயுவின் பயன்பாடு கடந்த ஆண்டை விட 18% அதிகரித்துள்ளது. அதனால் இந்தியாவில் மீத்தேன் எடுக்கப்பட வேண்டும் " என்று கூறினார்.
அதற்காக நடத்திய ஆய்வில் இந்த மீத்தேன் எரிவாயு தமிழகத்தில் தஞ்சாவூர், திருவாரூர், நாகப்பட்டினம் ஆகிய பகுதிகளில் அதாவது காவிரி டெல்டா பகுதிகளில் பூமிக்கடியில் அதிகம் இருப்பதாக கண்டறியப்பட்டுள்ளது.
இதற்காக நடத்திய ஏலத்தில் Great Eastern Energy Corporation Limited என்ற வடமாநில தனியார் நிறுவனத்திற்கு தமிழகத்தில் மீத்தேன் எடுக்கும் ஓப்பந்தத்தை மத்திய அரசு வழங்கியது.
ஆனால் பூமிக்கடியில் இருந்து மீத்தேன் எடுக்கும் முறையை பற்றி அறிந்தால் நமது இதயமே பதறும். அதை பற்றி சுருக்கமாக காணலாம்.
இந்த மீத்தேன் திட்டத்திற்காக 1,64,819 ஏக்கர் விவசாய நிலங்கள் பலியாக உள்ளன.
கீழே உள்ள செயல்முறைகள் பசுமை நிறைந்த வயல்களில் செய்யப்படும் என்பதை நினைவில் வைத்துக் கொள்ளுங்கள்.
மீத்தேன் எடுக்கும் முறை:

மீத்தேன் வாயுவானது பூமிக்கடியில் ஆயிரக்கணக்கான அடிகளுக்கு கீழே பாறை இடுக்குகளில் சிக்கி நிறைந்துள்ளது.
இதை Hydraulic Fracturing என்று அழைக்கப்படும் ' நீரியல் விரிசல் ' முறையை பயன்படுத்துவார்கள்.
முதலில் செங்குத்தாக ஆயிரக்கணக்கான அடிகள் துளைகளை இடுவார்கள்.
பின்பு கிடைமட்டமாக பல கிலோமீட்டர்களுக்கு துளைகளை இடுவார்கள்.
பின்னர் நிலத்தடி நீர் முழுவதையும் வெளியேற்றி விடுவார்கள்.
பின்னர் அந்த துளைகளின் வழியே நீரையும் , 600 க்கும் அதிகமான நச்சுத்தன்மை உடைய வேதிப்பொருட்களையும் அதிக அழுத்தத்தில் செலுத்தி பாறைகளை வெடிக்கச் செய்து அடைபட்டுள்ள மீத்தேனை வேதிப்பொருட்களோடு வெளியே கொண்டு வருவார்கள்.
பின்னர் அந்த வேதிப்பொருட்களிலிருந்து மீத்தேனை மட்டும் தனியாக பிரித்து எடுப்பார்கள்.மீதமுள்ள நச்சுத்தன்மை வாய்ந்த வேதிக்கழிவுகள் பூமியிலேயே கொட்டப்படும்.
சற்றே சிந்தித்து பாருங்கள். தமிழத்தின் நெற்களஞ்சியமாக விளங்கும் காவிரி டெல்டா பகுதிகளில் நிலத்தடி நீரை முற்றிலும் உறிஞ்சி எடுத்து விட்டால் ,
அழுத்தக்குறைவு காரணமாக கடல்நீர் நிலத்திற்குள் புகுந்துவிடும்.
நிலம் உள்வாங்கும்.
பசுமையான வயல்வெளிகள் பாலைவனமாக மாறும்.
மேலும் வேதிப்பொருட்களால் நிலம் நஞ்சாகும். சுற்றுவட்டாரப் பகுதிகளில் குடிநீர் விஷமாகும்.
இதை போன்ற திட்டம் ஏற்கனவே பல நாடுகளை காவு வாங்கியது. தற்போது தமிழகத்திற்கும் வந்துள்ளது.
இவ்வளவு பெரிய ஆபத்தான திட்டத்தை அரசியல் அமைப்புகளும் ஊடகங்களும் மறைக்கின்றன. இதை மக்களுக்கு தெரியபடுத்தவேண்டியது நமது கடமை அல்லவா. நாம் அனுபவித்த இயற்கை வளங்களை நமது சந்ததிகளும் அனுபவிக்க வேண்டாமா........

தாய்மாமன்

அழிக்க முடியாத உறவு " தாய்மாமன் "
உறவுகளில் அனைவருக்கும் பிடித்தமான உறவு என்றால்
உடனே சொல்வார்கள் தாய்மாமன் உறவு என்று தான்.

பள்ளிகளில் விடுமுறை விட்டால் எந்த ஊருக்கு செல்வாய்
என்ற படிக்கும் பசங்களிடம் ஒரு காலத்தில் (தற்போது
அல்ல) எங்க மாமா வீட்டுக்க போனேன் என்று தான்
சொல்வார்கள். புதிதாக விளையாட்டுப்பொருள் வைத்திருந்தாள் யாருடா
வாங்கிக்கொடுத்தா என்று நண்பனிடம் கேட்டால் எங்க மாமா
என்பான் அந்த அளவிற்கு அனைவருக்கும் பிடித்தமான
உறவு என்றால் அது தாய்மாமா தான்.
எவன் ஒருவன் அக்கா தங்கையுடன் பிறக்கின்றானோ அவனே
வாழ்வாங்கு வாழ்வான்” என்பது சொல்வடை.
உறவுகளில் ஆகச் சிறந்தது தாய்மாமன் உறவு. அம்மா,
அப்பா, அண்ணன், தங்கை, தம்பி இவற்றை விட சிறந்தது
தாய்மாமன் உறவு. தந்தையின் உறவு என்பது வேறு
வகையானது. ஆனால் தாய் மாமன் உறவு என்பது எந்த வித
முன் தொடுப்பும் இல்லாது வருவது.
தங்கைக்கு தகப்பனாய், அவள் பெறும் குழந்தைகளுக்குப்
உற்ற பாதுகாவலனாய், நண்பனாக அந்த குழந்தை கேட்டதை
எல்லாம் வாங்கிக்கொடுத்து அதன் முகத்தில் அதிக
மகிழ்ச்சியை பார்ப்பது தாய்மாமன் தான். இன்றும் மாமா
வருகிறார் என்றால் குழந்தையின் சந்தோசத்தை சொல்லிமாளது..
தன் தங்கையின் குழந்தைகளை தன் குழந்தைகளைப் போல
கவனிப்பான். அக்குழந்தைகளின் ஒவ்வொரு நல்லதுக்கும்
தாய்மாமனே முக்கியம் என்று தமிழர் பண்பாடு சொல்கிறது. காது
குத்துவதிலிருந்து, திருமணத்திற்கு மாலை எடுத்துக் கொடுப்பது
வரையிலும் இன்னும் அனைத்து நல்லதற்கும், கெட்டதற்கும்
தாய்மாமனே முன்னிற்பான்.
தங்கையின் அல்லது அக்காவின் கணவருக்கு அதிக
உதவிகள் செய்வது எங்கள் மாமா என்று உரிமையோடு
அவருக்கு துணையாக செல்வது என்று சொல்லிக்கொண்டே
போகலாம்.
தன் குடும்பத்தைக் கவனிப்பதை விட தங்கையின் தேவைகளை
அறிந்து அதை நிறைவேற்றுபவன், அண்ணன் தனக்காக
தன்னை வருத்திக் கொள்கிறானே என்று அண்ணன் நன்றாக
வாழ வேண்டும் என்று ஒரு நொடி அத்தங்கை நினைத்தால்
என்றால் அண்ணன் மாடி மீது மாடி கட்டி வாழ்வான்.
எவனொருவன் கூடப் பிறந்தவர்களை அழ விடுகின்றானோ
அவன் எந்தக் காலத்தும் சிறந்து வாழ முடியவே முடியாது.
சில ஊர்ப்பக்கம் தங்கையின் மகளோ அல்லது அக்காவின்
மகளோ இயற்கை குறையோடு இருந்தால் தாய்மாமனுக்குத் தான்
கட்டி வைப்பார்கள். தாய்மாமனுக்கு வயதாகி விட்டால்
அவனின் மகனுக்கு திருமணம் செய்து வைப்பார்கள். தாய்
மாமன் உறவென்பது தியாகத்தின் உருவம். இந்த தியாகத்தை
தந்தையோ, தனயனோ செய்ய முடியுமா? அப்பெண்ணுக்கு வாழ்க்கை
கொடுத்து வாழ வைப்பவன் கடவுளுக்கும் நிகரனாவன்
அல்லவா?
உறவுகளில் மிகச் சிறந்த உறவு “ தாய்மாமன்” என்று
அடித்துச் சொல்லலாம்.
ஆனால் இன்று குழந்தைகளின் பெற்றோர் தனது வேலை
காரணமாக வெளியூர்களில் இருப்பதால் குழந்தைகளும்
அவர்களுடனே இருக்கும் அதனால் இப்போதெல்லாம்
தாய்மாமன் உறவு முறை சிறிது சிறிதாக குறைந்து வருகிறது.
குழந்தையும் தாய்மாமனை மாதம் ஒரு முறை என்று பார்த்து
மாமாவின் முகம் மறைகிறது என்பதுதான் இன்றைய நிதர்சன
உண்மை...
நண்பரின் அப்பா தனது அக்காள் குழந்தைகளை வளர்த்து
இன்று அவர்கள் மரமாக நிற்கின்றனர் அவர்களுக்கு
விழுதாக இந்த தாய்மாமன் இருந்தேன் என்று பெருமை பட
நானும் அவரும் பேசிக்கொண்டு இருந்தோம் அப்படியே ஒரு
கட்டுரையாக எழுதி விட்டேன்.. அந்த அக்கா குழந்தைகள் அந்த
தாய்மானுக்கு முன்னின்று 60ம் கால்யாணம் செய்து வைக்க
அடுத்த மாதம் வருகிறார்கள் என்று அவர் சொல்லும்போது
அவரின் கண்களில் அந்த தாய்மாமன் என்ற பாசம்
தெரிந்தது.
நமக்கும் தாய்மாமன்கள் நிச்சயம் இருப்பர் ஆனால் நாம்
நமது வேலைப்பளுவாலும், கால ஓட்டத்தாலும் நாம் நம்
தாய்மாமனை நிச்சயம் மறந்திருக்க மாட்டோம் அது போல் நம்
குழுந்தைகளுக்கும் மாமாவின் அருமை பெருமைகளை சொல்லி வளர்க்க
வேண்டும் என்பது என் ஆவா

FULL CASE HISTORY OF JALLIKATTU IN TAMIL NADU(PART-10)

29.Jallikattu reflects poorly on India: PETA India CEO after ‘bullying’

A foreign tourist raises her thumb and holds a placard against the car window as she passes students during a demonstration against the ban on the Jallikattu bull taming ritual and a call for a ban on animal rights orgnisation PETA, in Chennai on January 21.(AFP)

PETA, the global animal rights group that had actively campaigned for restrictions againstJallikattu, said on Monday it will study the ordinance that the Tamil Nadu government promulgated to circumvent the 2014 Supreme Court ban on the traditional and popular bull-taming sport.

PETA and other animal rights activists have become targets for those protesting against the Jallikattu ban.

Veteran actor Kamal Haasan and several other Tamil film stars have lashed out at PETA for its opposition to the event that many consider an integral part of Tamil culture. “PETA go ban bull riding rodeos in Mr.Trump’s US. You’re not qualified to tackle our bulls. Empires have been made to quit India (sic),” Haasan tweeted.

Jallikattu was held on Sunday across the state after the ban was lifted temporarily. On Monday, police forcibly evicted Jallikattu protesters, who put up a resistance against security personnel, in Chennai’s Marina Beach.

They also baton charged and fired tear gas at some places in the Tamil Nadu capital to disperse protesters demanding a permanent solution to the Jallikattu issue.

PETA India CEO Poorva Joshipura, in an email interview with Hindustan Times, said they have only called out for upholding laws that prevent cruelty against animals.

She responded to Haasan’s tweet on Monday saying, “PETA India is an Indian organisation, and animal protection groups like PETA US that operated in the United States do work to stop cruelty to bulls and other animals in their country

30.Jallikattu challenged again in Supreme Court by animal rights body

NEW DELHI: Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI) and other animal rights activists on Wednesday moved Supreme Court challenging the new jallikattu law passed unanimously by the Tamil Nadu Assembly.

Senior advocates Abhishek Manu Singhvi and Anand Grover appeared for the Board and the activists before a Bench led by Justice Dipak Misra, which decided to hear their plea likely on Monday when the Justice Rohinton Nariman and he would sit in the bench.

AWBI said, “Centre and Tamil Nadu governments are frustrating court’s order against animal cruelty and law framed by state is illegal.”

On Tuesday, Attorney General Mukul Rohatgi informed the court that the government would file an application seeking the withdrawal of the January 7, 2016 central notification allowing jallikattu in the light of the new Prevention of Cruelty (Tamil Nadu Amendment), 2017, passed by the State Assembly.

Almost 70 caveats have been filed by various parties, including the Tamil Nadu government, in the apex court in the past two days in anticipation of a challenge against the new pro-jallikattu law of the State.

31.AWBI to withdraw plea against TN Jallikattu law

Chennai: The Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI) has said that it has no intention to challenge the Tamilnadu Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Ordinance 2017 and any petition already filed in its name will be withdrawn.

A press release from AWBI secretary M Ravikumar said that no cases in the Jallikattu row will be filed without the approval/ decision of the board.

"The board has received news reports and electronic media reports stating that the AWB moved the Supreme Court challenging the Tamilnadu Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Ordinance, 2017 to conduct Jallikattu in the State of Tamilnadu. If at all any petition has been filed challenging the ordinance on behalf of the AWBI, the same may be withdrawn immediately," the release stated.

"In this connection, I am directed to inform you that the court cases related to the Animal Welfare board of India may be taken up/ filed before the hon'ble Supreme Court of Indian or any other court only after the approval/decision of the board," the release added.

The statement was made after a plea was filed by the AWBI and other animal rights activists on 25 January challenging the Tamilnadu Amendment Bill, 2017.

The challenge reportedly termed the amendment 'fraud' on the constitution and a violation of a 2014 Supreme court Judgement.

Meanwhile, acting chairperson of the AWBI S S NEGI has reportedly said that the board doenot to file a case against jallikattu in the future. "I do not know about the other organisations but AWBI won't be filing any petition," he said.

However, reports also said that Anjali Sharma who filed the petition in Supreme Court on behalf of AWBI has responded by saying that the petition was filed only after receiving the authorisation from the AWBI.

It may be noted that the Supreme Court bench comprising Justice Misra and Justice Rohinton F Nariman said that the court will take up the case probably on Monday (30 January).

SOURCE:WIKIPIDIA AND THE HINDU

THANK YOU

FULL CASE HISTORY OF JALLIKATTU IN TAMIL NADU(PART-9)

26.Jallikattu legalised in Tamil Nadu: State Assembly passes bill without any opposition

After a morning of violent protests across the state of Tamil Nadu, the state assembly on Monday passed a bill that replaces an ordinance and legalises jallikattu, the bull taming sport, in the state. The bill, which was tabled by Chief Minister O Panneerselvam, was passed within minutes of its introduction. The bill replaced the ordinance that was promulgated on Saturday amending the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act. The latest development comes at a time when peaceful protest over the issue turned violent over allowing the bull-taming sport across the state.

Earlier on Monday, Chennai police started evicting scores of pro-jallikattu demonstrators from protest venues across the state, especially from the Marina Beach, which was the epicentre of the stir for the past one week. Reports also said that the protesters resorted to stone-pelting and police lathicharged.

At the Marina, the police action began early on Monday morning with roads to the beach being cordoned off and police personnel being deployed in large numbers. Some protesters lined up at the seashore forming a human chain and a group entered the water refusing to heed police requests to disperse.

Some others staged a sit-in on the sands while others regrouped in nearby areas, shouting slogans and allegedly throwing stones on policemen.

Police burst teargas shells and reportedly lathi charged to chase away a section of protesters who had regrouped at Triplicane near Marina Beach and allegedly started throwing stones at police personnel.

The protesters had been demonstrating for the past one week demanding lifting of the ban on jallikattu.

Despite promulgation of an ordinance on Saturday for conducting the bull-taming sport, they had vowed to carry on with their protest till a permanent solution was found to ensure that the sport is held annually without any hindrance.

TV visuals showed men and women in khaki physically removing protesters from the beach. At Coimbatore, police forcibly evicted the protesters from VOC Park Grounds here where they were agitating for the last six days. As the appeal made by senior officials to clear the grounds failed, police in large numbers started to bodily lift the protesters and shift them out of the venue.

Women police personnel were seen taking women agitators, some elderly and some with babies in their arms, out of the grounds, despite them appealing with folded hands not to disturb the peaceful agitation.

Even as some protesters were seen leaving the venue voluntarily, police removed nearly 300 protesters from there, police said.

Protesting against the police action, some youths formed a human chain on the main Avanashi chain and police made a 'mild' cane charge to disperse them, police said.

A section of protesters were raising slogans in support of their demand for a permanent act for conducting jallikkatu and against Peta and police, near the Central Jail, some 200 metres from the venue, prompting the police to take into custody nearly 300 people, they said.

Police said they had cleared the ground, venue for the Republic Day function, and it is under control of the district administration and police.

Protests are reportedly continuing in Madurai with demonstrators allegedly throwing stones at police in Alanganallur even as officials are trying to persuade the agitators to disperse.

Police forcibly removed protesters from protest venues at Alanganallur, famous for jallikattu events, when they refused to heed to their repeated requests to disperse.

According to Alanganallur police, 20 people, many of them policemen, were injured in stone-pelting by protesters. Roads near the protest venue was strewn with stones, glass pieces and logs.

Alanganallur village is now under the control of the police, they added.

Police said protesters at Cuddalore, Tirunelveli and Erode had dispersed. Earlier, the Alanganallur village committee, which was satisfied with the ordinance, had agreed to hold jallikattu on February 1 and thanked those who participated in the agitation in favour of the bull-taming sport.

Though the decision of the local committee was made through public announcement system, some miscreants at the agitation venue refused to disperse and started pelting stones, police said. There was a scuffle between police and some youths in which protesters were injured. Police were forced to take action as several rounds of talks failed, an official said.

Police said the situation was fully under control and some persons who were seen instigating the crowd have been detained for questioning. Meanwhile, DIG of Police Anand Somani led a flag march in the village to boost the confidence of the local people.

In Madurai, Additional SP Murugesh held talks with protesting students and urged them to disperse. One woman was injured in the scuffle between police and youths in the city. Police resorted to lathicharge at two places in Coimbatore to disperse protesters who allegedly indulged in stone pelting against the security force.

A group of students of a private engineering college squatted on the airport road to protest eviction from VOC Park Grounds and seeking a permanent solution to the jallikkattu issue.

Police resorted to mild lathicharge after they refused to disperse, police said. Three police personnel, including a woman, were injured when they started pelting stones. The injured have been admitted to the government hospital, they said. Meanwhile, some 200 people sat on dharna near the Central Bus stand in Gandhipuram to protest police action. Police managed to chase them away.

According to police, about 300 persons, including students, who were removed from VOC Park grounds during the crackdown and lodged at a marriage hall, refused to have lunch and announced their decision to observe a fast, police said.

The legal situation surrounding jallikattu is as yet not clearly resolved. Some, such as Ministry of External Affairs cabinet minister Salman Khurshid, have stated that the matter will only be truly resolved if the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act is amended as local ordinances and state laws cannot trump Indian federal law.According to The Hindu, many other Indian legal experts agreed with Khurshid's view, as federal laws such as the PCA are always more powerful than state laws, and in that respect the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Tamil Nadu Amendment) Act of 2017 is not much different from the state law overturned in 2009.  For its part, PETA India has said that it will "study" the new ordinance, and has not ruled out a challenge to the new law on the same grounds as it challenged the 2009 law On Jan 25, the Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI) started the legal process towards another ban by formally challenging the new law before the Supreme Court, but they withdrew the petition on Jan 

28.Jallikattu protesters demand permanent solution

CM Panneerselvam prevented from inaugurating Alanganallur festival

CHENNAI, JANUARY 22:

The Tamil Nadu government’s efforts to conduct Jallikattu on the strength of an ordinance promulgated on Saturday met with limited success as protesters rejected the celebrations demanding a permanent solution to the Supreme Court ban on the traditional sport.

Protesters at the hub of the bull-taming sport at Alanganallur in South Tamil Nadu prevented the conduct of the festival, which was to be inaugurated by Chief Minister O Panneerselvam. The Chief Minister, who said he would inaugurate the event at 10 am on Sunday, returned to Chennai stating that the ordinance allows the conduct of Jallikattu and the people of Alanganallur can do so whenever they feel like it.

Similar official events planned elsewhere also met with resistance. However, the event was conducted in a few places in Tiruchi and Pudukottai.

Hundreds of thousands of protesters State-wide rejected the State government’s move stating that an ordinance by the State is only a temporary solution. They demanded that the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act be amended by Parliament.

“We don’t need an ordinance, but a permanent solution to be able to hold Jallikattu every year,” said J Selvi, a student and native of Kumbakonam, who has been camping at the Marina beach, along with thousands of protesters. The beach has become the central venue for the demonstrations over the past week. Similar protests in various parts of Tamil Nadu are also seeing mass public participation.

‘An eyewash’

Sudhakar, a law student, said: “Jallikattu is Tamilians’ right. An ordinance is just an eyewash and a stop-gap solution to disperse us. However, we will not move from here till a permanent solution is found.”

Legal experts felt that a State ordinance or Act that runs contrary to a Central Act may not be effective. However, in interactions with the media, the Chief Minister asserted that the ordinance clears all hurdles to the conduct of Jallikattu, and it would be replaced with a law to be enacted in the Assembly session starting on Monday.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has also assured the Centre’s support for the State government’s decision.

But the protesters have held their ground and demonstrations continued.

The Supreme Court had used the provisions of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960 to ban the sport in 2014. Since then, the Court has stood firm and dismissed a review petition by the State government. It has reserved judgement on a notification by the Union Environment Ministry in January 2016 to get around the ban.

Trains cancelled

As a fallout of the demonstrations, the Railways has cancelled 19 express trains to southern parts of Tamil Nadu.

The protests started in a sporadic way last week with a few hundred gathering at the Marina beach in Chennai, in Madurai and elsewhere. But the movement, fuelled by social media, caught the imagination of the public, resulting in mass participation.

The ordinance was on Saturday passed by Tamil Nadu Governor Vidyasagar Rao, with the approval of President Pranab Mukherjee

FULL CASE HISTORY OF JALLIKATTU IN TAMIL NADU(PART-8)

21.Jallikattu ban: Over 500 detained for protesting SC ban in Tamil Nadu’s Alanganallur

In a massive crackdown following the protests against the Supreme Court’s ban on Jallikattu, over 500 persons were detained by police in Alanganallur of Tamil Nadu’s Madurai. With the debate over judicial interference and right to hold Jallikattu – a symbol of Tamil culture, raging on, people of Tamil Nadu had resorted to creative and symbolic protests against Supreme Court’s ban on the event. From holding ‘symbolic’ jallikattu event to decorate black ‘rangoli’ in support of the event, people hold various forms of protests against PETA at Alanganallur in Madurai. Tension prevailed in the area as people gathered in large numbers after news spread that Jallikattu would be conducted at venues where the event was held previously. Police said they were maintaining a strict vigil and would not allow bulls to be released into the crowd.

Thousands of people on Monday took to the streets in Madurai’s Alanganallur town in Tamil Nadu protesting the ban against the ancient and popular bull-taming sport. The protestors including men and women, have assembled in the town well known for conducting Jallikattu. A large contingent of police personnel have been deployed at the venue to prevent any untoward incidents. In Jallikattu, a bull vaulter is expected to hang on to the bull’s hump for a stipulated distance or hold on to the hump for a minimum of three jumps made by the bull.

On Saturday, 149 persons were detained in Madurai district for staging protests against the ban. The Supreme Court on Thursday had said it could not give its verdict on Jallikattu before Pongal. DMK Working President M K Stalin had led a protest in Chennai on Friday in this regard.

The Supreme Court in May 2014 banned the conduct of Jallikattu in Tamil Nadu. The court also held that bulls cannot be used as performing animals either for Jallikattu events or for bullock cart races in the Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra or elsewhere in the country. Ever since the ban order people have been demanding the central government take necessary legal steps to conduct the sport.

22.Jallikattu ban: 200 held in Madurai as protests continue across Tamil Nadu

More than 200 people were detained by police on Tuesday as protests over a ban on the popular bull-taming sport Jallikattu continued across Tamil Nadu.

The fresh protests were reported from Alanganallur in Madurai district, the nerve centre of Jallikattu which was banned by the Supreme Court in 2014 and subsequently upheld.

The crowd had gathered overnight from different parts of the state, demanding an ordinance allowing the sport that is an integral part of Pongal, the state’s harvest festival.

Four temple bulls were used on Monday morning to conduct the sport, before local police stopped the celebrations.

Thousands of people are staging protests across the state since last week when the top court refused to pass a verdict on Jallikattu before Pongal.

On Monday, too, people took to the streets in Alanganallur where people hoisted black flags on their homes and kept their shops closed as a mark protest against the ban.

23.Jallikattu: Tamil Nadu's controversial sport

Due to these protests, on 21 January 2017, the Governor of Tamil Nadu issued a new ordinance that authorized the continuation of jallikattu events. On 23 January 2017 the Tamil Nadu legislature passed a bi-partisan bill, with the accession of the Prime Minister, exempting jallikattu from the Prevention of Cruelity to Animals Act (1960). The first legal jallikattu under this exemption is scheduled on 1 February in Alanganallur, Madurai district.

24.Tamil Nadu Governor signs ordinance for jallikattu

CHENNAI: Tamil Nadu Governor C Vidyasagar Rao on Saturday promulgated an ordinance for the conduct of jallikattu.

The Union government on Friday cleared the state's draft ordinance to amend the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960, enabling the conduct of jallikattu.

"The Governor's nod was obtained today for the ordinance to amend Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, which has the approval of President Pranab Mukherjee," Tamil Nadu chief minister O Panneerselvam said.

The chief minister recalled his meeting with Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Thursday. He the state government issued an ordinance after obtaining the necessary prior instructions of the President as envisaged under Article 213 of the Constitution.

"The ordinance was promulgated by the Tamil Nadu government and jallikattu is to be conducted with the customary fervour all over the state with all necessary safeguards," the chief minister said

Jallikattu: Tamil Nadu assembly passes bill to amend PCA Act

25.CHENNAI: A much-awaited bill to amend the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960 to make jallikattu a permanent sport in rural Tamil Nadu was passed by the state assembly unanimously in a special session on Monday evening. By passing the bill, the state government has replaced an ordinance promulgated on January 21

"The state government has decided to exempt the conduct of jallikattu from the provisions of the said central Act and therefore the government decided to amend the Act in its application to Tamil Nadu," said the government.

The bill to amend the PCA Act defines jallikattu as a traditional sport involving bulls that would be conducted in places notified by the state government on any day from January to May. It also includes other sports involving bulls -- manjuviratu, vadamadu and erudhuvidumvizha -- performed in different parts of Tamil Nadu.

Chief minister O Panneerselvam introduced the bill and it was passed by a voice vote with all opposition parties, including DMK, supporting the bill.

"The conduct of jallikattu has faced several hurdles since 2006. In 2011, bull was included on the banned list of animals for sport. As the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act is on the concurrent list, even if the state amends the Act, as was done in 2009, it needs to be signed by the President. The 2009 Act was not assented by the President, leading it to be quashed by the Supreme Court," said Panneerselvam.

"As the Supreme Court is yet to give its judgment on the arguments for and against the ban on jallikattu, we decided to amend the Act with the Centre's assurance," he said.

"During my meeting with Prime Minister Narendra Modi (last week), I received an assurance that the Centre would support Tamil Nadu's steps to hold jallikattu. It is only after this that I took measures to promulgate the ordinance first and now the bill to replace it," said the chief minister.

FULL CASE HISTORY OF JALLIKATTU IN TAMIL NADU(PART-7)

16.Protests, rallies for jallikattu

Protest rallies and prayers were organised in Dindigul ,KANCHIPURAM Theni districts in support of ‘jallikattu’ on Thursday.

A section of lawyers staged a demonstration in front of the district court in Periyakulam and took out a bike rally to the Collectorate from the court complex, demanding removal of ban on jallikattu. They handed over a petition to Collector N. Venkatachalam in this regard.

Similar rallies and demonstrations were conducted by lawyers in Uthamapalayam. They also handed over a petition to the Uthamapalayam Tahsildar pressing for their demand.

Residents of Chinnamanur and members of various social organisations, along with bulls, race bullocks and race carts, took out a peace rally in Chinnamanur. Hundreds of bull owners and race cart owners participated in the rally.

Residents of Pillamanaickenpatti staged a protest, with their eyes covered with black cloths. They had brought their bulls, which sported black cloths on their horns. People took out a candle light march and participated in a mass prayer held in a church praying for permission from the Supreme Court for conducting jallikattu during Pongal festival.

In Kodaikanal, volunteers, traders and local people staged a demonstration in front of the auditorium.

A section of students of Arulmigu Palani Andavar Arts College in Palani boycotted classes and staged a demonstration.

          ^{In Kanchipuram students start protest and some cultural events.local peoples tark part with their families}

After hearing the petitions which were led by the Animal Welfare Board of India challenging central government's notification, the Supreme Court of India on 12 January ordered a stay, issued notices to the central government and the government of Tamil Nadu and later refused to lift the stay.^] Numerous Jallikattu events were held across Tamil Nadu in protest of the ban, and hundreds of participants were detained by police in response. The Supreme Court has agreed to delay its verdict on Jallikattu for a week following the Centre's request that doing so would avoid unrest. The Attorney General Mukul Rahotgi informed the Supreme Court bench that the people of Tamil Nadu were "passionate" about Jallikattu and that the issue was being resolved between the Centre and the State government.

17.SC to hear Animal Welfare Board’s petition challenging jallikattu order

A bench led by Chief Justice of India T.S. Thakur agreed to hear the petitions on an urgent basis on January 12.

The SC on Monday agreed to hear on January 12 a batch of petitions led by the Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI), seeking to quash a January 7, 2016 notification issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, allowing the exhibition and use of bulls as performing animals for jallikattu and bullock-cart races.

The notification circumvents a Supreme Court judgment.

With just a few days more to go for Pongal festival to start, the petitioners made an urgent oral mention before a Bench led by Chief Justice Tirath Singh Thakur for an early hearing.

The causelist for January 12 was updated in the evening to show that the batch of petitions seeking a stay of the January 7 notification will be heard by a Bench led by Chief Justice Thakur and Justices A.K. Sikri and R. Banumathi.

This notification was issued despite contrary legal advice from Attorney-General Mukul Rohatgi following a letter from the Tamil Nadu government to Prime Minister Narendra Modi to make amendments in the law. The petitions contended that the Centre cannot legalise a sport inherently causing pain and distress to dumb animals by merely saying that bulls used for jallikattu (bull-taming sport) should not be subjected to cruelty.

They said the January 7 notification circumvents the May 7, 2014 Supreme Court judgment by introducing several regulations meant to protect bulls, all the while glossing over the fact that the very act of jallikattu is “inherently cruel” and blatantly violates several provisions of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (PCA) Act, 1960 as interpreted by the apex court two years ago.

They questioned the notification’s justification to allow the return of jallikattu for cultural and traditional reasons, especially when the Supreme Court judgment had extensively discussed and concluded that the “sport” was a gross insult to the Tamil culture and tradition to “embrace bulls and not over-powering the bull, to show human bravery.”

The petitions said it was time Parliament elevated the rights of animals to that of constitutional rights, as done by many of the countries around the world, so as to protect their dignity and honour.

Besides the AWBI through its counsel and senior advocate Aryama Sundaram, the other petitioners include the Federation of Indian Animal Protection Organisations (FIAPO) represented by senior advocate K.K. Venugopal, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) by senior advocate Anand Grover, Compassion Unlimited Plus Action (CUPA) by senior advocate Siddharth Luthra.

The battery of petitions include those seeking contempt of court proceedings against the government for issuing the notification in violation of the Supreme Court judgment. Individual petitioners include members of the AWBI like Sowmya Reddy, Radha Rajan and Gauri Maulekhi.

“The court had held in 2014 that no amount of regulation can ever ensure that a cruelty-free event involving bulls, bullocks etc. The court had also held that when ‘culture and tradition’, such as sati, or jallikattu, or bullock cart races are violative of laws enacted by Parliament, they must bow down before the law of the land,” the FIAPO argued.

They contended that the notification defeats the very purpose and spirit of the PCA Act, a statute enacted at a time when it was noticed that in order to reap maximum gains, the animals were being exploited by human beings, by using coercive methods and by inflicting unnecessary pain.

“The PCA Act was, therefore, passed to prevent infliction of unnecessary pain or suffering and for the well-being and welfare of the animals and to preserve the natural instinct of the animal. Overpowering the performing animal was never in the contemplation of the PCA Act,” they argued.

The 2014 judgment has already noted that no regulations or guidelines should be allowed to dilute or defeat the spirit of a welfare legislation like Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (PCA) Act, 1960 and constitutional principles. If so, the Supreme Court should strike them down without hesitation. The judgment has already laid down the law that a court’s duty under the doctrine of parents patriae is to take care of the rights of animals, since they are unable to take care of themselves as against human beings. It classifies the bull as a draught animal not meant for running but sedate walking under the Prevention of Cruelty to Draught and Pack Animals Rules, 1965.

18.Supreme Court stays bull taming game Jallikattu; Jaya asks PM for an ordinance

Supreme Court of India has stayed the notification issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India which had allowed the use of bull for the traditional Tamil festive event ‘Jallikattu’ and bullock cart races in states like Maharashtra, Karnataka, Punjab, Haryana, Kerala and Gujarat.

A bench consisting of Justice Dipak Misra and NV Ramana passed this order in a batch of four petitions challenging the validity of the notification and a contempt petition claiming that the notification is contrary to court’s earlier judgment.

The petitioners were represented by senior advocates Aryama Sundaram,  Dushyant Dave, KK Venugopal, Sidharth Luthra and Anand Grover. Union of India was represented by Attorney General Mukul Rohatgi and senior advocate L Nageshwar Rao represented the state of Tamil Nadu.

Petitioners submitted before the Court that Jallikattu caused cruelty and torture to the bulls. AG Rohatgi however refuted the argument contending that Jallikattu was not same as the bull fighting in Spain and is conducted in small space without any torture to the bulls.

After the arguments were heard, bench dictated the order issuing notice to the Union of India and the concerned states and asked them to file their replies to the petition. As an interim measure, court stayed the operation of the gazette notification allowing Jallikattu and bullock car races.

The petitions were filed by Animal Welfare Board of India, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), Compassion Unlimited plus Action (CUPA), Gauri Maulekhi, People For Ethical Treatment of Animals and Federation of Indian Animal Protection Organizations (FIAPO).

After Jallikattu was stayed by the apex court, reportedly, Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Jayalalithaa has written to the Prime Minister Narendra Modi to promulgate ordinance forthwith to enable conduct of Jallikattu.

^\

  19.No Jallikattu in Tamil Nadu this year

The Supreme Court on Tuesday issued an interim stay on the >Centre's January 2016 notification allowing Jallikattu and bullock cart races.

The Bench of Justices Dipak Misra and N.V. Ramana prima facie agreed with the arguments made by a batch of petitioners, led by Animal Welfare Board of India, that Jallikattu is "inherently cruel" and bulls cannot be used or tortured as performing animals for human festivity.

A stay on the January 7 notification means that the 2014 SC judgment banning jallikattu will continue to prevail during Pongal starting on January 15.

Admitting the petitions, the Bench gave the Tamil Nadu Government and the Centre four weeks to file affidavits in response to the petitions.

Earlier in the day, Justice R. Banumathi > recused herself from hearing the jallikattu case in the Supreme Court. She had first banned jallikattu during her tenure as Judge of the Madurai Bench of the Madras High Court.

"What is the necessity of such a festival like Jallikattu? There was no festival for four years," Justice Misra asked in reference to the first prohibitory notification on Jallikattu issued by the Centre on July 11, 2011, which was upheld by the Supreme Court in its 2014 judgment.

Attorney General Mukul Rohatgi said Jallikattu is not the "bull fight of Spain" and care had been taken to include provisions in the 2016 notification to prevent cruelty to the animals.

Pon. Radhakrishnan for taking legal measures

Reacting to the stay issued by the Supreme Court on jallikattu, Union Minister Pon. Radhakrishnan urged the Centre and State to take all legal measures to allow jallikattu this year and lift the stay.

20.Supreme Court refuses to vacate stay on jallikattu order

The court heard an intervention application filed by four persons said to be affected by the apex court’s stay on Centre’s notification allowing jallikattu.

Merely 24 hours after it stood up for the bull's right to life and dignity by staying a government notification allowing Jallikattu, an "unimpressed" Supreme Court refused to alter its stand despite fresh interventions on Wednesday blaming the court for being influenced by the “fogged vision” of city-dwellers at the cost of hurting the traditions of pastoral Tamil Nadu.

A Bench led by Justice Dipak Misra held that the stay was granted in accordance with one of the highest of principles enshrined in the Constitution, that is, compassion for living creatures.

It referred to the Supreme Court judgment of 2014, which held that Jallikattu caused “considerable pain and distress to the bulls”.

“The 2014 judgment enshrines the concept of Article 51A (g) and (h) of the Constitution. There cannot be a scintilla of doubt that the Constitution is an organic and compassionate document. We are unimpressed... and do not alter our stay order,” Justice Misra held, adding Pongal will happen even without Jallikattu.

The drama, a sequel to the Jallikattu hearing on January 12, started when certain individuals, who claimed to be “affected” by the Supreme Court stay of the January 7, 2016 notification issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forests allowing the sport, made an urgent mention before Chief Justice of India T.S. Thakur on Wednesday morning. They sought to intervene in the Supreme Court to voice the concern of rural Tamil Nadu about the stay.

The petitioners, led by A. Ramakrishnan, a Chennai resident, was referred by the CJI court to the Bench of Justices Dipak Misra and N.V. Ramana, who had ordered the stay the previous day.

Justice Misra's Bench took up the matter at 3 p.m.. Arguing for the petitioners, advocate N. Rajaraman spoke for the rural farmers who “rear bulls like children and brothers”, in that order.

“The 2014 judgment of the Supreme Court did not ban Jallikattu. It only said to stop the cruelty. It only asked for safe play not ban declaring Jallikattu as cruelty,” Mr. Rajaraman argued.

He contended that a ban on Jallikattu has a sociological impact and has a devastating effect on indigenous breeding.

“The stay order is a result of the fogged vision of the city-dweller about what happens at Jallikattu. We worship bulls... The farmer, with his moustache twirled, breeds bulls as a matter of pride,” Mr. Rajaraman submitted.

He warned that the prohibition would only force farmers now to send their bulls to Kerala to be slaughtered.

To this, Justice Misra asked: “You say you treat these bulls like family members. So now the bull has no purpose, you send them to Kerala for slaughter?”

“It is our necessity. No Jallikattu means poverty. Economy will collapse,” Mr. Rajaraman responded.

Mr. Rajaraman, at one point, even asked the court to send Animal Welfare Board of India counsel and senior advocate Aryama Sundaram and PETA counsel Anand Grover to visit Jallikattu arenas in the capacity of the apex court's commissioners to check whether bulls are cruelly treated.

“The idea of the Prevention of Cruelty of Animals Act, 1960 is to prevent cruelty. Nothing has changed in the time between yesterday's stay order and today. No new fact has been introduced in this petition,” Mr. Sundaram countered.

On a personal note, Mr. Sundaram pointed to how he and senior advocate K.K. Venugopal for Federation of Indian Animal Protection Organisations also hail from Tamil Nadu and continue to object to the conduct of Jallikattu.

“So, not all of Tamil Nadu speaks the same language... not all of the State wants Jallikattu,” Mr. Sundaram said.